More in depth wand information can be found here at the HP wiki page. The basics are this though:

Wands length: Wands range in length from 7 - 16 inches long. Wand length does not necessarily indicate the height of it's wizard.

Wand flexibility: Wand flexibility has nothing to do with how powerful the wand is, it's more a characteristic of the wand wood and how the wizard and the wand work together.
Swishy
Springy
Flexible
Inflexible
Rigid
Unyeilding

Wand woods: Wands are made of a plethora of woods. Here is a list of wand woods that are used, if you would like to use a wood that is not listed, by all means use it!

Acacia: Acacia wood is used in many cultures in rituals, it has powerful meaning pertaining to healing, sacrifice, and protection. Acacia wands do very well with healing and ritual magic.

Alder: Though alder trees have been viewed auspiciously in the past due to legends about "bleeding" and "weeping" alders, they still make powerful wands. They are especially good wands for wizards with an eye for divination.

Apple: Apple tree wood is both a wand for scholars and naturalists alike. It is powerful for nature magic relating to both the environment and to animals.

Ash: Has slight dark leanings but does well with charms.

Bamboo: Though bamboo wands are rare, they make excellent wands for astronomy students and Appalachian students alike.

Bay Tree: Bay tree wands do well with divination, healing, and cerebral magic.

Birch: Birch wood makes for the quintessential light wood wand. It is excellent with protection spells and will produce a strong patronus.

Blackthorn: A hard wood that will bond to a wizard who is not easy to break. These wands bond to wizards who are brave and never back down.

Cedar: Both good for cerebral and protective magics.

Ceiba bark: An African import wood, most ceiba wands made in the US are of the bark which makes a powerful wand for a wizard or witch skilled in the art of potions. Ceiba trunk wands are dark magic wands though and not for sale in the US, that is not to say they are impossible to get, through trade on the black market, a wizard might stumble across one.

Cherry: A happy wand wood, a cherry wand will usually bond to a romantic at heart, someone who is interested in romance, love, and domestic magic.

Chestnut: A good wand for transfiguration and defensive magic.

Cypress: In mythology, cypress is the symbol of death and the immortal soul, nevertheless it makes an excellent transfiguration wand.

Dogwood: A hard wood that often associates with wizards who have a violent streak.

Elder: Perhaps one of the most powerful wand woods, it comes packing with a punch and backfires spectacularly. It takes a lot of patience to work with this wood.

Elm: Elm is a good all around wand wood and is particularly good with charms.

Hawthorn: A very hopeful wood, hawthorn has always had special ritual meaning in many religious rituals for thousands of years. It will bond to a wizard who will shed the light of hope in even the darkest times.

Hazel: Hazel usually denotes a witch or wizard with a powerful connection to divination though they are also very good at light magic and protection spells.

Holly: A powerful defensive wand, it's ability to cast out dark spirits is what makes it a sought after wand wood.

Hornbeam: A powerful yet stubborn wood, hornbeam will give as much fight as the wizard wielding it has. It takes patience to become good with a hornbeam wand but is well worth it.

Ivy: A deceptively strong wand wood, ivy finds it's strength in transfiguration and defensive magic.

Laurel: The wand of champions, many quodpot and quidditch players find themselves in the possession of a laural wand.

Lime tree: Lime or linden wood makes for a powerful DADA wand and as it is prepared ritually, it responds well to wizards who also do well in ritual magic.

Mahogany: Makes for a lovely all around wand, a sort of jack of all trades.

Maple: A good wand wood for transfiguration and an all around good wand wood.

Oak: A solid wood, oak is good for charms and protective magic.

Olive tree: A very peaceful wood, olive wands tend to find their way into the hands of gentle hearts.

Poplar: Though it is physically a light wood, it has powerful leanings with the dark arts.

Rosewood: A beautiful wood that usually associates with artists and musicians.

Rowan: A scholars wand, rowan wood usually associates with wizards who have an eye for the more logical arts such as arithmancy, astronomy, or ancient runes.

Vinewood: A tricky wand, vinewood takes patience and time but in the end will become a powerful wand that works well in stressful situations.

Walnut: Versatile and solid, walnut makes an excellent all around wand and is excellent for healing magic.

Willow: Makes for the strongest healing wands and is also quite powerful at warding of dark spirits.

Yew: Makes for a powerful transfiguartion wand though some believe it has dark leaning because of it's poisonous sap.



Wand cores: Wands always have at least one magical substance at it's core. The core of the wand has a very powerful effect on the magic that will be performed by the wand and will influence the character of the wand. Some popular cores are but are not limited to: dragon heart strings, phoenix tail feathers, thestral tail hair, unicorn tail hair, and veela hair